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to do any standing judo for six weeks. I used this time to do nothing but groundwork. When my
ankle had got better I found that I had gained a considerable edge on the ground over my fellow
1st Dans. This helped me to win many contents and got me a reputation as a 'groundwork man".
Since that time I have paid a lot of attention to groundwork technique and have won many
contests on the ground. One interesting effect of having such a reputation is that it restricts your
opponents' throws considerably. He won't attack with anything that can be easily countered or
blocked for fear of being taken down. This means that you can open up with your own attacks.
As in the throwing section, there is a huge range of techniques on the ground and here are some
of them.
Osaekomi-waza (hold-downs)
It is not necessary, as in wrestling, to pin the opponent's two shoulders to the mat. The
position of the man being held varies from hold to hold but in general he should be flat on his
back and unable to get up. The man applying the hold must show that he is in control. In this
section I will show holds as a continuation of a throwing technique.
Kesa-gatame (scarfhold)
Move in for tai-otoshi. Do it slowly so that your man just stumbles to the mat in front
of you, lying slightly at an angle.
From this position let go with your right hand, drop to the side of your opponent, putting
your right arm round his neck. Pull his head up into your body and readjust your left hand grip
so that you hold your opponent's right arm under your armpit. Spread your legs wide and keep
your own head down. Do not relax your grip on his neck or his right arm. If your partner starts
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to move round in an attempt to get up, move with him so as to keep the same relative positions.
Should your opponents try to roll you over his body, shoot out your right arm to stop the
attempt. Instantly resume your hold on his neck when his escape fails. Rest heavily on your
partner's ribs with the part of your body under the armpit where the large back muscle called the
latissimus dorsi sticks out. Keep this chest and back contact at all times.
Kami-shiho-gatame (upper four quarters)
Throw your partner slowly with a shoulder throw so that he lands in front of you on the
mat. From here drop to both knees resting your head, on your partner's chest, at the same time
letting go with both hands and inserting them under both shoulders of the opponent and down
until you catch his belt at both sides. Having caught his belt, pull it up sharply to his chest and
clamp in tight with your elbows with the side of your head pressing down tight on the opponent's
chest. This is the basic position. Depending on individual preference, you can either kneel with
the opponent's head caught tightly between your legs as above or stretch out both legs resting
slightly on one side of the opponent's body. As in the first hold, lock in tightly with both arms
and keep the same relative positions if your partner moves.
Important points, keep your arms locked in tightly under both the opponent's shoulders
and keep the side of your head pressed tightly down on his chest - not his stomach.
Yoko-shiho-gatame (side four holding)
Get your partner to step forward with his right foot and throw him with the ankle sweep
using your left foot. Your opponent should land horizontally in front of you. From this position
drop instantly down, with your chest bearing down on his. Release your left hand grip and insert
it round his neck catching his collar. Pull in strongly with the left arm so that your left shoulder
comes against the side of his head. Your right arm can hold in a variety of positions. In this case
over the opponent's legs catching his trousers. As in the previous hold, the legs can either be up
close in a kneeling position or stretched out straight. Use whichever is effective or comfortable.
Study the plates for the positions of the head, arms and legs. There are several variations of this
hold but this is the basic one.
Kansetsu-waza (armlocks)
There are two basic ways of applying the armlock. The first against a straight arm, is to
straighten it a bit more against the joint and the second against a bent arm is to bend it against
the natural range of the arm. In effect, this means that the arm can be locked no matter what
position it is in and in fact there are innumerable ways of applying arm locks. I shall describe
just two, illustrating the basic methods. The beginner should remember these two basic ways and
try to put them into practice at every opportunity.
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Ju-ji-gatame (straight arm lock)
This lock has been used with great success in competition. It can be done in various
positions but I will describe the most usual position. Quite often in groundwork your opponent
will end up in the defensive posture as shown with you kneeling close behind him. To apply the
lock, first of all place your left thigh on your opponent's head, at the same time making your
right hand into a ball, push it under the opponent's right arm and then catch your own left arm.
Now swing your left leg over his head and tuck your heel into his neck on the left side.
Your right leg bends with the right foot tucked in under the opponent's body. At the same
time as you swing your left leg over the opponent's head, start to fall back with the opponent's
arm trapped in between your legs. Keeping his arm trapped between your legs start to put on the
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